Galaxy Research 2025 Prediction: Bitcoin to Surge to $185,000, Ethereum to Break $5,500

By: blockbeats|2024/12/30 03:15:03
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Original Source: Galaxy Research
Original Translation: Deep Tide TechFlow

2025 Cryptocurrency Predictions from @glxyresearch covering Bitcoin and Ethereum price trends, ETHBTC ratio, Dogecoin and D.O.G.E., stablecoins, DeFi, L2 solutions, policy, venture capital, and more. Here is a summary of our predictions recently shared with @galaxyhq clients and partners:

Bitcoin Price Expected to Break $150,000 in the First Half of 2025 and Reach or Exceed $185,000 by Q4

Institutional, corporate, and national adoption will be a key driver for Bitcoin reaching new highs in 2025. Since its inception, Bitcoin has consistently outpaced all other asset classes in terms of value appreciation, especially the S&P 500 and gold, a trend that will continue in 2025. Bitcoin's market cap is expected to reach 20% of the total gold market cap.

- @intangiblecoins

Galaxy Research 2025 Prediction: Bitcoin to Surge to src=

Total Assets Under Management (AUM) for US Spot Bitcoin ETP Expected to Exceed $250 Billion in 2025

In 2024, Bitcoin ETP products attracted over $36 billion in net inflows, making it the best-performing ETP product suite in history. Many top global hedge funds (such as Millennium, Tudor, and D.E. Shaw) have opted for Bitcoin ETP, and according to 13F filings, the State of Wisconsin Investment Board (SWIB) also holds relevant positions. Within just one year, the AUM of Bitcoin ETP is only $24 billion (19%) away from surpassing the total size of all US physical gold ETPs.

- @intangiblecoins

Bitcoin Set to Once Again Be One of the Best-Performing Assets Globally on a Risk-Adjusted Basis in 2025

Bitcoin's outstanding performance is not only due to record-breaking capital inflows but also driven by the 2024 price surge. Based on risk-adjusted return metrics, Bitcoin ranks third globally among assets, trailing only a few top-tier assets. MicroStrategy, the self-proclaimed "Bitcoin Treasury" company, has particularly strong performance in terms of Sharpe ratio.

- @intangiblecoins

At Least One Top Wealth Management Platform Will Recommend Clients Allocate 2% or More of Their Portfolio to Bitcoin by 2025

Due to factors such as investment familiarity, internal education, and compliance requirements, currently no major wealth management firm formally includes a Bitcoin allocation in its investment advice portfolios. However, this situation will change by 2025, further driving inflows into U.S. physically-backed Bitcoin ETPs and AUM growth.

- @intangiblecoins

Five Nasdaq 100 Companies and Five Nations Will Announce Adding Bitcoin to Their Balance Sheet or Sovereign Wealth Fund

Whether for strategic needs, portfolio diversification, or considerations for trade settlement, Bitcoin will gradually enter the balance sheets of major corporations and national-level investors. Particularly, non-aligned nations with large sovereign wealth funds, or even nations in opposition to the U.S., will actively acquire Bitcoin through mining or other means.

- JW

Bitcoin Developers Will Reach Consensus on the Next Protocol Upgrade by 2025

Since 2020, Bitcoin core developers have been discussing how to enhance transaction programmability by introducing opcodes. By the end of 2024, the most supported opcodes include OP_CTV (BIP 119) and OP_CAT (BIP 347). Although soft fork consensus in Bitcoin is extremely rare and time-consuming, it is expected that consensus will be reached in 2025, collectively driving the introduction of OP_CTV, OP_CSFS, and/or OP_CAT. However, this upgrade will not be activated in 2025.

- @hiroto_btc

More Than Half of the Top 20 Market Cap Bitcoin Mining Companies Will Announce Transformation or Partnerships with Hyperscalers, AI, or HPC Companies by 2025

With the increasing computational demands of AI, Bitcoin miners will gradually transform existing facilities, build new infrastructure, or collaborate with HPC companies to deploy mining farms. This trend will constrain the annual growth rate of the global hash rate, with the global hash rate expected to reach 1.1 zetahash by the end of 2025.

These predictions outline a possible blueprint for the cryptocurrency market in 2025, full of opportunities and challenges.

- @intangiblecoins, @SimritDhinsa

The Bitcoin DeFi Market Size is Expected to Double by 2025

By the end of 2024, over $11 billion worth of wrapped Bitcoin (e.g., WBTC) has been locked in DeFi smart contracts. Of this, over 70% of the locked Bitcoin is used as collateral for lending protocols. Additionally, through Bitcoin's largest staking protocol, Babylon, there are around $4.2 billion in deposits. The current valuation of the Bitcoin DeFi market is $15.4 billion and is expected to experience significant growth by 2025. This growth will come from multiple directions, including existing DeFi protocols on Ethereum L1/L2, new DeFi protocols on Bitcoin L2, and staking layers similar to Babylon. Key drivers expected to double the market include a 150% year-over-year growth in cbBTC supply, a 30% increase in WBTC supply, Babylon reaching a TVL of $8 billion, and a new Bitcoin L2 network achieving a $4 billion DeFi TVL.

- @hiroto_btc

Ethereum Price Expected to Break $5,500 in 2025

With regulatory pressures easing in the DeFi and staking space, Ethereum is poised to hit a new all-time high in 2025. Collaboration between DeFi and traditional finance may unfold in a new regulatory sandbox environment, allowing traditional capital markets to dive deeper into public blockchains, with Ethereum and its ecosystem being the primary beneficiaries. Simultaneously, enterprises will gradually explore Ethereum-based Layer 2 networks. Some blockchain-based games may find product-market fit, and NFT trading volume will see a significant rebound.

Ethereum Staking Rate Expected to Exceed 50% by 2025

The U.S. government may provide clearer regulatory guidance for the crypto industry, such as allowing ETH held in spot ETH ETPs to be staked. The demand for staking will continue to grow next year, with the staked Ethereum amount potentially exceeding half of its circulating supply by the end of 2025. This will prompt Ethereum developers to consider adjusting the network's monetary policy more seriously. Additionally, the rise in the staking rate will further drive demand and value flow into staking pools (such as Lido and Coinbase) and re-staking protocols (such as EigenLayer and Symbiotic).

-@christine_dkim

ETH/BTC Ratio to Fall Below 0.03 in 2025 but Recover to Above 0.06 by Year End

The ETH/BTC ratio is one of the most closely watched trading pairs in the cryptocurrency market. Since Ethereum completed the "Merge" upgrade in 2022 and transitioned to proof of stake, this ratio has been consistently declining. However, a shift in the regulatory environment is expected to particularly support Ethereum and its application layer, especially DeFi, reigniting investor interest in the world's second-largest blockchain.

- @intangiblecoins

L2 Economic Activity to Surpass Other Alt L1 Networks in 2025

The fee proportion of L2 networks (currently in the mid-single digits) is expected to surpass 25% of the total fees of Alt L1 networks by the end of the year. As L2 networks near their scaling limits early in the year, transaction fees may spike frequently, prompting network adjustments to gas limits and blob market parameters. However, technical solutions such as the Reth client or alternative virtual machines like Arbitrum Stylus will enhance Rollup efficiency, keeping transaction costs within acceptable ranges.

- @FullNodeChuck

DeFi May Enter a "Dividend Era" in 2025, with On-Chain Applications Expected to Distribute at Least $1 Billion in Value to Users and Token Holders

As DeFi regulation gradually clarifies, the value-sharing mechanisms of on-chain applications will expand. Projects like Ethena and Aave have begun discussing or implementing fee mechanisms through proposals that will allow users to directly benefit. Other protocols that previously opposed such mechanisms (such as Uniswap and Lido) may reconsider their positions due to regulatory clarity and competitive pressures. A more relaxed regulatory environment and increased on-chain activity indicate that protocols may engage in buybacks and direct revenue distribution at a higher frequency.

- @ZackPokorny_

On-Chain Governance May Experience a Revival in 2025, as Applications Explore Governance Models Based on Futarchy

The total number of active voters in on-chain governance is expected to grow by at least 20%. On-chain governance has long faced two main issues: low participation and lack of voting diversity (most proposals pass with overwhelming support). However, with easing regulatory pressure and the success of Polymarket, these two issues are expected to improve by 2025. By then, more applications will transition from a traditional governance model to a futarchy governance model, enhancing voting diversity and optimizing governance effectiveness.

- @ZackPokorny_

- @FullNodeChuck

- @hiroto_btc

It is expected that the world's top four custodian banks will start offering digital asset custody services in 2025

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) plans to provide a policy path for national banks to custody digital assets, which will drive the world's top four custodian banks—BNY Mellon, State Street, JPMorgan Chase, and Citibank—to launch digital asset custody services in 2025.

- @intangiblecoins

It is expected that at least ten stablecoins supported by traditional finance will be launched in 2025

From 2021 to 2024, the stablecoin market has grown rapidly, with 202 projects currently existing, some of which have close ties to traditional finance (TradFi). Not only is the number of projects increasing, but the growth rate of their transaction volume far exceeds that of traditional payment networks, such as ACH (annual growth of about 1%) and Visa (annual growth of about 7%). By 2024, stablecoins are gradually integrating into the global financial system. For example, the US-chartered FV Bank already supports direct stablecoin deposits, and Japan's top three banks are cooperating with the Pax project and SWIFT to achieve faster and lower-cost cross-border fund transfers. Payment platforms are also actively building stablecoin infrastructure, such as PayPal launching the PYUSD stablecoin on the Solana blockchain, and Stripe acquiring Bridge company to natively support stablecoins. In addition, asset management giants like VanEck and BlackRock are also partnering with stablecoin projects, actively positioning themselves in this field. As the regulatory environment becomes clearer, traditional financial institutions will further integrate stablecoins into their operations to seize market opportunities and establish a foundation for future development.

- JW

Stablecoin Supply Expected to Double by 2025, Surpassing $400 Billion

Stablecoins are rapidly expanding their usage in the payment, remittance, and settlement sectors. With increasing regulatory clarity around existing stablecoin issuers and traditional banks, trusts, and custodians, the stablecoin supply is expected to experience explosive growth by 2025.

- @intangiblecoins

Tether's Market Share Expected to Drop Below 50% by 2025, Challenged by Yield-bearing Stablecoins

Tether allocates the yield income from its USDT reserves to fund its portfolio, but other stablecoin issuers and protocols are attracting users through revenue-sharing mechanisms, leading existing users to migrate from Tether to yield-bearing solutions. For example, Coinbase's USDC rewards on exchange and wallet balances will serve as a strong incentive, driving not only the entire DeFi sector but also potentially being integrated by fintech firms to enable new business models. In response, Tether may start distributing yield from collateral assets to USDT holders and might even introduce competitive yield-bearing products, such as a market-neutral stablecoin.

- @FullNodeChuck

Crypto Venture Capital (VC) Total Investment Expected to Exceed $150 Billion by 2025, with over 50% YoY Growth

As interest rates decline and the crypto regulatory environment improves, investor interest in venture capital is set to significantly rise, propelling VC activities. Crypto VC fundraising has historically lagged behind broader crypto market trends, but the next four quarters may witness a 'catch-up' phenomenon.

- @hiroto_btc, @intangiblecoins

Stablecoin Legislation Expected to Pass Both Houses of Congress and Be Signed by President Trump in 2025, But Market Structure Legislation May Remain Unpassed

Legislation creating a registration and regulatory framework for stablecoin issuers is expected to pass with bipartisan support and be signed into law before the end of 2025. The growth of USD-backed stablecoin supply will solidify the dollar's global dominance and further foster the development of the U.S. Treasury market. Coupled with relaxed restrictions on banks, trusts, and custodians, stablecoin adoption is expected to significantly rise. However, market structure legislation (such as establishing registration, disclosure, and regulatory requirements for token issuers and exchanges, or adjusting existing SEC and CFTC rules to cover these entities) is complex and may not be passed into law in 2025.

- @intangiblecoins

The U.S. Government is Not Expected to Purchase Bitcoin in 2025, but May Use Existing Reserves to Build Stockpile and Drive Discussions on Expanding Bitcoin Reserve Policy Across Government Departments and Agencies

- @intangiblecoins

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is Expected to Investigate Prometheum, a First-of-Its-Kind "Special Purpose Broker-Dealer"

Prometheum, a previously unknown broker-dealer, received a new type of broker-dealer license in 2023 and publicly endorsed SEC Chairman Gensler's views on the security status of digital assets, leading to widespread scrutiny. Its CEO faced questioning from Republican lawmakers in a congressional hearing, and according to FINRA records, Prometheum's alternative trading system (ATS) has not yet conducted any trades. Republicans have called for investigations by the Department of Justice and SEC into whether Prometheum has "ties to China," while some have pointed out irregularities in its fundraising and financial reports. Regardless of whether an investigation is launched, the "special purpose broker-dealer" license is expected to be revoked in 2025.

- @intangiblecoins

Dogecoin Could See Its First Breakthrough to $1 in 2025, with a Market Cap Expected to Reach $100 Billion

As the world's most famous and longest-running meme coin, Dogecoin's market performance is set to reach new heights in 2025. However, its market cap peak may be surpassed by the budget reduction amount from a "government efficiency department." This department is expected to identify and successfully implement cost-cutting measures in 2025 that exceed Dogecoin's market cap peak.

- @intangiblecoins

Disclaimer: Members of Galaxy and/or Galaxy Research hold Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Dogecoin. Many predictions have not been shared, and many more could be made. These predictions are not investment advice and do not constitute an offer, recommendation, or invitation to buy or sell any securities (including Galaxy securities). These predictions represent the views of the Galaxy Research team as of December 2024 and do not necessarily reflect the position of Galaxy or any of its affiliates. These predictions will not be updated.

Original Article Link

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Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Infrastructure Bill'

Original Title: "Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Genius Act'"Original Author: 0xTodd, Partner at Nothing Research


If the US stablecoin bill, the "GENIUS Act," passes smoothly this time, its significance will be tremendous. I even think it's significant enough to enter the top five in Crypto history.



Although abbreviated as the GENIUS Act, which translates directly to the Genius Act, it is actually the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins, which translates to "Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Dollar Stablecoins."


The proposal is lengthy, with several key points summarized for everyone:


· Mandatory 1:1 Full Asset Backing: Assets include cash, demand deposits, and short-term US Treasuries. At the same time, misappropriation and rehypothecation are strictly prohibited.


· High-Frequency Disclosure: Reserve reports must be published at least monthly, introducing external audits.


· Licensing Requirement: Once the circulating market cap of the issuer's stablecoin exceeds $100 billion, it must transition into the federal regulatory system within a specified timeframe, adopting banking-grade regulation.


· Introduction of Custody: The custodian of the stablecoin and its reserve assets must be a regulated qualified financial institution.


· Clear Definition as a Payment Medium: The bill explicitly defines stablecoin as a new type of payment medium, primarily regulated by the banking regulatory system, rather than restricted by the securities or commodities regulatory system.


· Embracing Existing Stablecoins: A maximum 18-month grace period after the bill's enactment, aimed at encouraging existing stablecoin issuers (such as USDT, USDC, etc.) to promptly obtain licenses or become compliant.


After finishing the main content, let's talk about the significance of this matter with an excited heart.


Over the years, when others asked, "After working in the Crypto industry for 16 years, what application have you created?"


In the future, you can confidently tell others—Stablecoins.


First, Clearing Concerns is a Prerequisite


Some people have held opposing views. In the past, people's impression of stablecoins was that they were an opaque black box. Every few months, there would be FUD — whether Tether's assets were frozen or Circle had a significant black hole deficit.


In fact, if you think about it, Tether easily rakes in billions of dollars a year just from the interest on those underlying government bonds. Circle, slightly less, also made a $1.7 billion profit last year.


They basically made money while standing there. From a motivational standpoint, they have no malicious intentions. In fact, they are the most eager for compliance.


Now, this opaque black box will become a transparent white box.


In the past, the only complaint was that Tether's funds might have been frozen by the United States. Now, they will be directly placed into U.S. compliant custodial institutions, with high-frequency disclosures, so you can rest assured.


【No need to worry about a rug pull】 is such a huge advantage—I think especially all Crypto people understand this.


Second, Mastering the Standard is Very Important


Stablecoins were once almost on the verge of being overtaken by CBDCs. In any country, if a central bank digital currency really exists, it is highly likely not built on a blockchain, at most it is built on some internal central bank consortium chain, which to be honest, is meaningless.


When CBDCs were at their peak, that was the most dangerous time for stablecoins.


If CBDCs had become a reality back then, stablecoins today would have been relentlessly suppressed into a dark corner, and blockchain would only be able to play a minimal role.


The remaining half-dead stablecoins would even have to learn the standards of central bank digital currencies, completely relinquishing their standard-setting power.


And now, stablecoins have won (or are about to).


Instead, everyone should learn the 【Blockchain + Token】 standard.


Nowadays, many blockchains actually have no meaningful applications on top, only stablecoin transfers. For example, with Aptos, the only scenario I use Aptos for is transfers between Binance and OKX.


And now, stablecoins will be legislated, what does that mean?


That's right, blockchain will become the only standard.


In the future, every stablecoin user will be the first to learn how to use a wallet.


As an aside, I actually think Ethereum's concerted push for EIP-7702 is quite forward-thinking. While other chains are all about memes, thank you Ethereum for sticking to account abstraction.



EIP-7702 is about Account Abstraction, which can support, for example:


· Social Account Registration Wallet

· Paying GAS with Native Coin

· And more


This paves the way for future new users to heavily use stablecoins, solving the last-mile problem.


Third, Deposit Enters a New Era


Furthermore, once stablecoins receive legislative support, deposits and withdrawals will become even easier.


Let's imagine a scenario: previously, hindered by the gray nature of stablecoins, but after the bill passes, many traditional brokerages can support stablecoins themselves. The money from a US stock investor can be converted into stablecoins in minutes and instantly deposited into Coinbase. Believe it or not.



Let's imagine another scenario: if the brilliant bill smoothly passes through the House of Representatives, next, you will see:


Due to the extremely lucrative nature of this trading, existing stablecoin leaders and newly entering traditional giants will crazily start promoting their stablecoin products.


And an outsider, due to these promotions, will start using stablecoins. And then one day, after finding out that the wallet account has been created, will explore Bitcoin inside. Is mining Bitcoin difficult?


Stablecoins are a huge Trojan horse. The moment you start using stablecoins, you unwittingly step half a foot into the Crypto world.


Fourth, Conclusion


As a large reservoir for digesting US debt, although stablecoins cannot directly absorb debt, they at least provide ammunition for the US debt secondary market. These functions are quite important, and slowly, stablecoins are becoming a part of the US debt market's body. Therefore, once the US legislation is passed and experiences the benefits, there is no turning back.


And, we are also confident that stablecoins are indeed one of the great innovations in our industry. People who have used stablecoins will find it hard to return to the traditional cash-banking system.


Once the bill is passed, users can't go back. In the future, concerns are about to be resolved, standards will be mastered, and the era of large deposits seems to be on the horizon.


Original Article Link

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$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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