Breakdown of Coinbase 2024 Financial Report: Annual Revenue Doubles to Nearly $6.6 Billion, Q4 Achieves Highest Quarterly Revenue in Three Years

By: blockbeats|2025/02/14 12:45:02
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Source: CoinBase
Original Article Compilation: Felix, PANews

Coinbase announced its fourth-quarter and full-year earnings on February 13. Thanks to a strong post-election rebound that drove cryptocurrency prices to new highs at the end of last year, Coinbase's fourth-quarter performance exceeded expectations, achieving its largest quarterly revenue in three years.

Coinbase reported an earnings per share of $4.68, more than double the analysts' expectation of $2.11, with a fourth-quarter profit of $1.3 billion.

In after-hours trading, Coinbase's stock price rose 2% to around $304, with a 112% increase in stock price over the past year. This article provides a quick overview of key data in Coinbase's financial report.

2024 Full-Year Revenue Doubled, Q4 Contributed Over 30% of Revenue

2024 was a strong year for cryptocurrency and Coinbase, with annual revenue more than doubling to $6.564 billion, net income of $2.6 billion, and adjusted EBITDA of $3.3 billion. In Q4, revenue reached $2.27 billion, an 88% increase from the previous quarter.

In terms of products, Coinbase gained market share in the U.S. spot and derivative trading products in 2024 and added custody, staking, and USDC assets to its product suite to drive revenue diversification. Additionally, Coinbase further promoted the adoption of products like Base, Coinbase One, Prime Financing, and international expansion.

Breakdown of Coinbase 2024 Financial Report: Annual Revenue Doubles to Nearly $6.6 Billion, Q4 Achieves Highest Quarterly Revenue in Three Years

Trading Revenue

Full-year 2024 trading revenue was $4 billion, a 162% year-over-year growth, with a total trading volume of $1.2 trillion, a 148% year-over-year increase. Retail trading volume was $221 billion, up 195% year-over-year, and institutional trading volume was $941.2 billion, up 139% year-over-year. In Q4, Coinbase's trading revenue reached $1.6 billion, a 172% increase from the previous quarter, with a trading volume of $439 billion, a 185% year-over-year increase.

The majority of Coinbase's year-over-year trading volume growth in 2024 was due to increased cryptocurrency asset volatility levels, especially in the first and fourth quarters, as well as the rise in average cryptocurrency prices. Two key factors supporting these stronger macroeconomic conditions were the launch of a Bitcoin ETF product in Q1 2024 and the election of a pro-cryptocurrency president and congress in Q4 2024, along with expectations of regulatory clarity, all of which led to increased spot cryptocurrency trading activity.

In addition, Coinbase increased its market share in the U.S. spot market in 2024. On the spot side, Coinbase added initial listing work (i.e., the first centralized exchange to list a token for trading and custody) and added 48 new spot trading assets.

Furthermore, Coinbase also successfully expanded its derivatives business in 2024. For example, it added 92 new assets for trading on the international exchanges. While still in the early stages, both retail and institutional derivative trading volumes and market share hit record highs in the fourth quarter.

Retail Trading Revenue

In the fourth quarter, retail trading volume was $940 billion, a 176% increase compared to the previous period, far surpassing the 126% increase in the U.S. spot market. This quarter's retail trading revenue was $1.3 billion, a 179% increase compared to the previous period. This may be related to Coinbase's addition of 13 new assets in the fourth quarter, including popular memecoins such as PEPE and WlF. Overall, these efforts (along with market conditions) drove MTU up 24% sequentially.

Institutional Trading Revenue

In the fourth quarter, institutional trading volume was $3.45 trillion, a 128% increase compared to the previous period, outperforming the U.S. spot market. This quarter's institutional trading revenue was $141 million, a 156% increase compared to the previous period. The fourth quarter showed strong performance, with revenue growth significantly outpacing that of exchanges and Primes. In addition to strong market conditions, the institutional business also demonstrated strong momentum.

Other Trading Revenue

In the fourth quarter, other trading revenue was $68 million, a 99% increase compared to the previous period, mainly driven by Base's sorter revenue increase. As a result of increased network demand and rising ETH prices in the fourth quarter, transaction volumes continued to grow sequentially, with higher revenue per transaction. The average cost per transaction remains below the target of $0.01.

Subscription and Services Revenue

In 2024, subscription and services revenue was $2.3 billion, a 64% year-over-year increase, about 4.5 times higher than the 2021 bull market level. Most of the year-over-year growth in 2024 came from blockchain rewards revenue, stablecoin revenue, and Coinbase One subscription revenue.

Subscription and Service Revenue in Q4 was $641 million, a 15% increase QoQ. Stablecoin revenue in Q4 decreased by 9% QoQ to $226 million, but grew by 31% YoY to $910 million for the full year. Overall, USDC was the fastest-growing "major" stablecoin in 2024. The driver of Q4 stablecoin revenue was the significant increase in the average market cap of USDC and the USDC assets in the product suite.

Blockchain Rewards Revenue in Q4 was $215 million, a 39% increase QoQ. The growth was driven by the rise in cryptocurrency asset prices, an increase in the average protocol reward rate (especially SOL), and continued inflows of native assets.

Interest and Financing Revenue in Q4 was $66 million, a 3% increase QoQ. The growth primarily came from the Prime Financing business, which saw a historic high in loan balances shortly after the U.S. election in early November. The growth in loan volume was driven by increased trade financing activity related to ETF products and higher utilization of bilateral loan products. The growth in Prime Financing fees was partially offset by a decline in revenue from customer custody fiat balances, as the average balance increased by 7% QoQ to $5.1 billion, but the actual interest rate decline offset this growth.

Custody Fees Revenue in Q4 was $43 million, a 36% increase QoQ. The growth was driven by the rise in cryptocurrency asset prices and the continued growth in custody volumes. BTC inflows were the primary driver of growth, benefiting from Coinbase's role as the primary custodian for the vast majority of ETFs and other client activities. Additionally, it benefited from the Fourth Quarter New Asset Launch program. As of Q4, Assets Under Custody ("AUC") were $220 billion, which is a part of the platform's total assets.

Other Subscription and Service Revenue was $91 million, a 56% increase QoQ. Coinbase One was the biggest driver of the QoQ growth.

Annual Operating Expenses at $4.3 billion, Trading and Marketing Costs Increase

2024 total operating expenses were $4.3 billion, a 30% increase YoY to $1 billion. Technology & Development, General & Administrative, and Sales & Marketing expenses totaled $692 million, a 25% YoY increase. The growth was primarily driven by an increase in variable area expenses, especially USDC reward expenses and marketing costs, and higher stock-based compensation and policy expenses as the cryptocurrency outreach intensified. The year ended with 3,772 full-time employees, a 10% YoY increase.

The total operating expenses in the fourth quarter were $1.2 billion, a 19% increase from the previous quarter to $202 million, primarily driven by an increase in transaction activity leading to higher transaction fees. Technology and development, general and administrative, and sales and marketing expenses collectively increased by $84 million, a 10% quarterly increase, mainly due to performance marketing expenses, increased USDC incentives (as a result of a significant increase in USDC assets in the product suite), and policy-related expenses.

The fourth-quarter transaction expenses were $317 million, representing 14% of net revenue, an 85% quarter-over-quarter increase. The sequential increase was primarily attributed to higher transaction volumes, blockchain reward costs, and blockchain transaction fees (mainly in BTC and ETH).

Technology and development expenses were $369 million, a 2% decrease from the previous quarter. The decrease was due to lower personnel-related costs, although an increase in professional service-related expenses partially offset this decrease.

General and administrative expenses totaled $363 million, a 10% increase from the previous quarter. The growth was driven by customer support investments, related to the robust market environment in the fourth quarter, increased legal expenses, and policy-related spending.

Sales and marketing expenses were $226 million, a 37% quarter-over-quarter increase. This increase supported the fourth quarter's market momentum through increased variable performance marketing expenses and promotional activities to drive user acquisition and revenue growth in the US and internationally. Due to the increased USDC assets in the product suite, USDC incentives also increased by 29% quarter-over-quarter, reaching $80 million.

Furthermore, in terms of share count, Coinbase had a fully diluted share count of 286.5 million shares at the end of the fourth quarter. This figure includes 253.6 million common shares and 32.9 million diluted shares.

In terms of capital and liquidity, as of the end of the fourth quarter, Coinbase had $9.3 billion in USD resources. USD resources are defined as cash and cash equivalents and USDC (excluding USD lent out as collateral or pledged). USD resources increased by 13% quarter-over-quarter to $1.1 billion.

Q1 2022 Has Achieved $750 Million in Transaction Revenue, Continuing to Drive Revenue Diversification

The report stated that as of February 11, Coinbase has generated approximately $750 million in transaction revenue in Q1 2022. Coinbase expressed efforts to achieve revenue diversification, no longer solely relying on trading. Based on last year's financial report, as of the fourth quarter, Coinbase's trading revenue accounted for 68.5% of its total revenue, with the majority coming from retail traders.

This quarter, revenue from its subscription and services business (including stablecoin, staking, custody, and Coinbase One products) is expected to be between $6.85 billion and $7.65 billion.

Coinbase also expects that the USDC stablecoin issued by Circle and covered by a revenue-sharing agreement with Coinbase will drive quarter-over-quarter growth in sales and marketing expenses in the first quarter.

Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong stated during the earnings call that the company has a "grand vision for making USDC the first stablecoin."

The percentage of transaction fees as a share of net revenue is expected to reach a mid-to-high level. Technology and development as well as general and administrative expenses are expected to be between $7.5 billion and $8 billion. In addition, wage taxes are expected to increase seasonally quarter over quarter. The net profit growth rate is expected to be slightly higher than in the fourth quarter.

Sales and marketing expenses in the first quarter of 2025 are expected to be between $2.35 billion and $3.75 billion. Since the mid-fourth quarter, there has been a significant increase in marketing opportunities that meet or exceed the threshold for return on investment in both new and existing paid marketing channels in the U.S. and major international markets. Nonetheless, due to the ongoing volatility in the crypto market, there is significant daily variance in effectiveness marketing expenses in the first quarter. Therefore, the potential outcome range for the first quarter is much larger than in previous periods. Whether within this range will largely depend on

· continued attractive marketing opportunities in the remaining time of the first quarter, historically closely tied to market fluctuations and asset prices

· USDC assets in the product suite driving USDC rewards. As a reference, this represents approximately 35% of sales and marketing expenses in the fourth quarter
Original Source Link

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Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Infrastructure Bill'

Original Title: "Never Underestimate the Significance of the US Stablecoin 'Genius Act'"Original Author: 0xTodd, Partner at Nothing Research


If the US stablecoin bill, the "GENIUS Act," passes smoothly this time, its significance will be tremendous. I even think it's significant enough to enter the top five in Crypto history.



Although abbreviated as the GENIUS Act, which translates directly to the Genius Act, it is actually the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins, which translates to "Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for US Dollar Stablecoins."


The proposal is lengthy, with several key points summarized for everyone:


· Mandatory 1:1 Full Asset Backing: Assets include cash, demand deposits, and short-term US Treasuries. At the same time, misappropriation and rehypothecation are strictly prohibited.


· High-Frequency Disclosure: Reserve reports must be published at least monthly, introducing external audits.


· Licensing Requirement: Once the circulating market cap of the issuer's stablecoin exceeds $100 billion, it must transition into the federal regulatory system within a specified timeframe, adopting banking-grade regulation.


· Introduction of Custody: The custodian of the stablecoin and its reserve assets must be a regulated qualified financial institution.


· Clear Definition as a Payment Medium: The bill explicitly defines stablecoin as a new type of payment medium, primarily regulated by the banking regulatory system, rather than restricted by the securities or commodities regulatory system.


· Embracing Existing Stablecoins: A maximum 18-month grace period after the bill's enactment, aimed at encouraging existing stablecoin issuers (such as USDT, USDC, etc.) to promptly obtain licenses or become compliant.


After finishing the main content, let's talk about the significance of this matter with an excited heart.


Over the years, when others asked, "After working in the Crypto industry for 16 years, what application have you created?"


In the future, you can confidently tell others—Stablecoins.


First, Clearing Concerns is a Prerequisite


Some people have held opposing views. In the past, people's impression of stablecoins was that they were an opaque black box. Every few months, there would be FUD — whether Tether's assets were frozen or Circle had a significant black hole deficit.


In fact, if you think about it, Tether easily rakes in billions of dollars a year just from the interest on those underlying government bonds. Circle, slightly less, also made a $1.7 billion profit last year.


They basically made money while standing there. From a motivational standpoint, they have no malicious intentions. In fact, they are the most eager for compliance.


Now, this opaque black box will become a transparent white box.


In the past, the only complaint was that Tether's funds might have been frozen by the United States. Now, they will be directly placed into U.S. compliant custodial institutions, with high-frequency disclosures, so you can rest assured.


【No need to worry about a rug pull】 is such a huge advantage—I think especially all Crypto people understand this.


Second, Mastering the Standard is Very Important


Stablecoins were once almost on the verge of being overtaken by CBDCs. In any country, if a central bank digital currency really exists, it is highly likely not built on a blockchain, at most it is built on some internal central bank consortium chain, which to be honest, is meaningless.


When CBDCs were at their peak, that was the most dangerous time for stablecoins.


If CBDCs had become a reality back then, stablecoins today would have been relentlessly suppressed into a dark corner, and blockchain would only be able to play a minimal role.


The remaining half-dead stablecoins would even have to learn the standards of central bank digital currencies, completely relinquishing their standard-setting power.


And now, stablecoins have won (or are about to).


Instead, everyone should learn the 【Blockchain + Token】 standard.


Nowadays, many blockchains actually have no meaningful applications on top, only stablecoin transfers. For example, with Aptos, the only scenario I use Aptos for is transfers between Binance and OKX.


And now, stablecoins will be legislated, what does that mean?


That's right, blockchain will become the only standard.


In the future, every stablecoin user will be the first to learn how to use a wallet.


As an aside, I actually think Ethereum's concerted push for EIP-7702 is quite forward-thinking. While other chains are all about memes, thank you Ethereum for sticking to account abstraction.



EIP-7702 is about Account Abstraction, which can support, for example:


· Social Account Registration Wallet

· Paying GAS with Native Coin

· And more


This paves the way for future new users to heavily use stablecoins, solving the last-mile problem.


Third, Deposit Enters a New Era


Furthermore, once stablecoins receive legislative support, deposits and withdrawals will become even easier.


Let's imagine a scenario: previously, hindered by the gray nature of stablecoins, but after the bill passes, many traditional brokerages can support stablecoins themselves. The money from a US stock investor can be converted into stablecoins in minutes and instantly deposited into Coinbase. Believe it or not.



Let's imagine another scenario: if the brilliant bill smoothly passes through the House of Representatives, next, you will see:


Due to the extremely lucrative nature of this trading, existing stablecoin leaders and newly entering traditional giants will crazily start promoting their stablecoin products.


And an outsider, due to these promotions, will start using stablecoins. And then one day, after finding out that the wallet account has been created, will explore Bitcoin inside. Is mining Bitcoin difficult?


Stablecoins are a huge Trojan horse. The moment you start using stablecoins, you unwittingly step half a foot into the Crypto world.


Fourth, Conclusion


As a large reservoir for digesting US debt, although stablecoins cannot directly absorb debt, they at least provide ammunition for the US debt secondary market. These functions are quite important, and slowly, stablecoins are becoming a part of the US debt market's body. Therefore, once the US legislation is passed and experiences the benefits, there is no turning back.


And, we are also confident that stablecoins are indeed one of the great innovations in our industry. People who have used stablecoins will find it hard to return to the traditional cash-banking system.


Once the bill is passed, users can't go back. In the future, concerns are about to be resolved, standards will be mastered, and the era of large deposits seems to be on the horizon.


Original Article Link

$COIN Joins S&P 500, but Coinbase Isn't Celebrating

On May 13, S&P Dow Jones Indices announced that Coinbase would officially replace Discover Financial Services in the S&P 500 on May 19. While other companies like Block and MicroStrategy, closely tied to Bitcoin, were already part of the S&P 500, Coinbase became the first cryptocurrency exchange whose primary business is in the index. This also signifies that cryptocurrency is gradually moving from the fringes to the mainstream in the U.S.



On the day of the announcement, Coinbase's stock price surged by 23%, surpassing the $250 mark. However, just 3 days later, Coinbase was hit by two consecutive events: a hack where employees were bribed to steal customer data and a demand for a $20 million ransom, and an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into the authenticity of its claim of having over 100 million "verified users" in its securities filings and marketing materials. These two events acted as mini-bombs, and at the time of writing, Coinbase's stock had already dropped by over 7.3%.


Coincidentally, Discover Financial Services, being replaced by Coinbase, can also be considered the "Coinbase" of the previous payment era. Discover is a U.S.-based digital banking and payment services company headquartered in Illinois, founded in 1960. Its payment network, Discover Network, is the fourth largest payment network apart from Visa, Mastercard, and American Express.


In April, after the approval of the acquisition of Discover by the sixth-largest U.S. bank, Capital One, this well-established digital banking company of over 60 years smoothly handed over its S&P 500 "seat" to this emerging cryptocurrency "bank." This unexpected coincidence also portrayed the handover between the new and old eras in Coinbase's entry into the S&P 500, resembling a relay race scene. However, this relay baton also brought Coinbase's accumulated "external troubles and internal strife" to a tipping point.


Side Effects of ETFs


Over the past decade, cryptocurrency exchanges have been the most stable "profit machines." They play a role in providing liquidity to the entire industry and rely on trading fees to sustain their operations. However, with the comprehensive rollout of ETF products in the U.S. market, this profit model is facing unprecedented challenges. As the leader in the "American stack," with over 80% of its business coming from the U.S., Coinbase is most affected by this.



Starting from the approval of Bitcoin and Ethereum spot ETFs, traditional financial capital has significantly onboarded users and funds that originally belonged to exchanges in a more cost-effective, compliant, and transparent manner. The transaction fee revenue of cryptocurrency exchanges has started to decline, and this trend may further intensify in the coming months.


According to Coinbase's 2024 Q4 financial report, the platform's total trading revenue was $417 million, a 45% year-on-year decrease. The contribution of BTC and ETH's trading revenue dropped from 65% in the same period last year to less than 50%.


This decline is not a result of a decrease in market enthusiasm. In fact, since the approval of the Bitcoin ETF in January 2024, the inflow of BTC into the U.S. market has continued to reach new highs, with asset management giants like BlackRock and Fidelity rapidly expanding their management scale. Data shows that BlackRock's iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT) alone has surpassed $17 billion in assets under management. As of mid-May 2025, the cumulative net inflow of 11 major institutional Bitcoin spot ETFs on the market has exceeded $41.5 billion, with a total net asset value of $1214.69 billion, accounting for approximately 5.91% of the total Bitcoin market capitalization.


Chart showing the trend of net outflows for Grayscale among the 11 institutions


Institutional investors and some retail investors are shifting towards ETF products, partly due to compliance and tax considerations. On one hand, ETFs have much lower trading costs compared to cryptocurrency exchanges. While Coinbase's spot trading fee rate varies annually in a tiered manner but averages around 1.49%, for example, the management fee for IBIT ETF is only 0.25%, and the majority of ETF institution fees fluctuate around 0.15% to 0.25%.



In other words, the more rational users are, the more likely they are to move from exchanges to ETF products, especially for investors aiming for long-term holdings.


According to multiple sources, several institutions, including VanEck and Grayscale, have submitted applications to the SEC for a Solana (SOL) ETF, with some institutions also planning to submit an XRP ETF proposal. Once approved, this may trigger a new round of fund migration. According to a report submitted by Coinbase to the SEC, as of April, the platform's trading revenue from XRP and Solana accounted for 18% and 10%, nearly one-third of the platform's fee revenue.



However, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs passed in 2024 also reduced the fees for these two tokens on Coinbase from 30% and 15% to 26% and 10%, respectively. If the SOL and XRP ETFs are approved, it will further undermine the core fee revenue of exchanges like Coinbase.


The expansion of ETF products is gradually weakening the financial intermediary status of cryptocurrency exchanges. From their original roles as matchmakers and clearers to now gradually becoming mere "on-ramps and off-ramps" for funds, exchanges are seeing their marginal value squeezed by ETFs.


Robinhood Takes a Stand, Traditional Brokerages Join the Fray


On May 12, 2025, SEC Chairman Paul S. Atkins gave a keynote speech at the Tokenization and Cryptocurrency Working Group roundtable. The theme of his speech revolved around "It is a new day at the SEC," where he indicated that the SEC would not approach enforcement and regulation the same way as before but would instead pave the way for cryptocurrency assets in the U.S. market.



With signs of cryptocurrency compliance such as the SEC's "NEW DAY" declaration, an increasing number of traditional brokerages are attempting to enter the cryptocurrency industry. One of the most representative cases is the well-known U.S. brokerage Robinhood, which began expanding its crypto business in 2018. By the time of its IPO in 2021, Robinhood's crypto business revenue accounted for over 50% of the company, with a significant boost from the Dogecoin "moonshot" promoted by Musk.


In Q1 2025 earnings report, Robinhood showcased strong growth, especially in revenue from cryptocurrency and options trading. Fueled by Trump's Memecoin, cryptocurrency-related revenue reached $250 million, nearly doubling year-over-year. Consequently, Robinhood Gold subscription users reached 3.5 million, a 90% increase from the previous year, with the rapid growth of Robinhood Gold providing the company with a stable source of income.



Meanwhile, RobinHood is actively pursuing acquisitions in the cryptocurrency space. In 2024, it announced a $2 billion acquisition of the long-standing European cryptocurrency exchange Bitstamp. Additionally, Canada's largest cryptocurrency CEX, WonderFi, which recently went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange, also announced its integration with RobinHood Crypto. After obtaining virtual asset licenses in the UK, Canada, Singapore, and other markets, RobinHood has taken a proactive approach in the compliant cryptocurrency trading market.



Furthermore, an increasing number of brokerage firms are exploring the same path. Futu Securities, Tiger Brokers, and others are also dipping their toes into cryptocurrency trading, with some having applied for or obtained the VA license from the Hong Kong SFC. Although their user bases are currently small, traditional brokerages have a natural advantage in user trust, regulatory licenses, and low fee structures. This could pose a threat to native cryptocurrency platforms in the future.



User Data Breach: Is Coinbase Still Secure?


In April 2025, security researchers discovered that some Coinbase user data was leaked on the dark web. While the platform initially responded by attributing it to a "technical misinformation," it still raised concerns among users regarding its security and privacy protection. Just two days before Dow Jones Indexes announced Coinbase's addition to the S&P 500 Index, on May 11, 2025, Coinbase received an email from an unknown threat actor claiming to have obtained customer account information and internal documents, demanding a $20 million ransom to keep the data private. Subsequent investigations confirmed the data breach.


Cybercriminals obtained the data by bribing overseas customer service agents and support staff, mainly in "non-U.S. regions such as India." These agents abused their access to Coinbase's internal customer support system and stole customer data. As early as February this year, blockchain detective ZachXBT revealed on X platform that between December 2024 and January 2025, Coinbase users lost over $65 million to social engineering scams, with the actual amount potentially higher.


Among the victims was a well-known figure, 67-year-old Ed Suman, an established artist in the art world for nearly two decades, having been involved in the creation of artworks such as Jeff Koons' "Balloon Dog" sculpture. Earlier this year, he fell victim to an impersonation scam involving fake Coinbase customer support, resulting in a loss of over $2 million in cryptocurrency. ZachXBT critiqued Coinbase for its inadequate handling of such scams, noting that other major exchanges have not faced similar issues and recommending Coinbase to enhance its security measures.


Amidst a series of ongoing social engineering incidents, although there has not been any impact on user assets at the technical level so far, it has raised concerns among many retail and institutional investors. Especially institutions holding massive assets on Coinbase. Just considering the U.S. BTC ETF institutions, as of mid-May 2025, they collectively hold nearly 840,000 BTC, and 75% of these are custodied by Coinbase. If we price BTC at $100,000, this amount reaches a staggering $63 billion, which is equivalent to the nominal GDP of two Iceland in the year 2024.


Visualization: ChatGPT, Source: Farside


In addition, Coinbase Custody also serves over 300 institutional clients, including hedge funds, family offices, pension funds, and endowments. As of the Q1 2025 financial report, Coinbase's total assets under management (including institutional and retail clients) reached $404 billion. The specific amount of institutional custodied assets was not explicitly disclosed in the latest report, but it should still be over 50% based on the Q4 2024 report.


Visualization: ChatGPT


Once this security barrier is breached, not only could the rate of user attrition far exceed expectations, but more importantly, institutional trust in it would undermine the foundation of its business. Therefore, after a hacking event, Coinbase's stock price plummeted significantly.


CEXs are All in Self-Rescue Mode


Facing a decline in spot trading fee revenue, Coinbase is also accelerating its transformation, attempting to find growth opportunities in derivatives and emerging assets. Coinbase acquired a stake in the options platform Deribit at the end of 2024 and announced the official launch of perpetual contract products in 2025. This acquisition fills in Coinbase's gap in options trading and its relatively small global market share.



Deribit has a strong presence in non-U.S. markets, especially in Asia and Europe. The acquisition has enabled Coinbase to gain a dominant position in bitcoin and ethereum options trading on Deribit, accounting for approximately 80% of the global options trading volume, with daily trading volume remaining above $2 billion.


Meanwhile, 80-90% of Deribit's customer base consists of institutional investors, with their professionalism and liquidity in the Bitcoin and Ethereum options market highly favored by institutions. Coinbase's compliance advantage, coupled with its already robust institutional ecosystem, makes it even more suitable. By using institutions as an entry point, it can face the squeeze from giants like Binance and OKX in the derivatives market.



Facing a similar dilemma is Kraken, which is attempting to replicate Binance Futures' model in non-U.S. markets. Since the derivatives market relies more on professional users, fee rates are relatively higher and stickiness is stronger, making it a significant source of revenue for exchanges. In the first half of 2025, Kraken completed the acquisition of TradeStation Crypto and a futures exchange, aiming to build a complete derivatives trading ecosystem to hedge the risk of declining spot transaction fee income.


With the surge of Memecoin in 2024, Binance, OKX, and various CEX platforms began massively listing small-market-cap, highly volatile tokens to activate active trading users. Due to the wealth effect and trading activity of Memecoins, Coinbase was also forced to join the battle, successively listing popular tokens from the Solana ecosystem such as BOOK OF MEME and Dogwifhat. Although these coins are controversial, they are frequently traded, with fee rates several times higher than mainstream coins, serving as a "blood-boosting" method for spot trading.


However, due to its status as a publicly traded company, this practice is a riskier endeavor for Coinbase. Even in the current crypto-friendly environment, the SEC is still investigating whether tokens like SOL, ADA, and SAND constitute securities.


In addition to the forced transformation strategies carried out by the aforementioned CEXs, they are also starting to lay out RWAs and the most talked-about stablecoin payment fields, such as the PYUSD launched through a collaboration between Coinbase and Paypal, Coinbase's support for the Euro stablecoin EURC by Circle that complies with EU MiCA regulatory requirements, or the USD1 launched through a collaboration between Binance and WIFL. In the increasingly crowded trading field, many CEXs have shifted their focus from just the trading market to the application field.


The golden age of transaction fees has quietly ended, and the second half of the crypto exchange platform game has silently begun.


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